کرامت انسان در پرتو حقوق بین الملل زیست پزشکی

Human’s munificence is one of the important concepts of Human right which is a character of Humans. In fact this concept is a human feature and it is particularly for humans and no bond would constrain it and no condition would limit it. Although this human feature has been with humans from the beginning of his life and has always been considered in his ethical and religious thoughts, this matter was considered scientifically and with a thoughtful view after preparation and approval of Declaration of Human Rights 1948. Nowadays this concept has become universal and it has such an importance that no human action cannot be done but with the considering and approval of this concept. Thus, nowadays, Human’s munificence is considered as the natural heritage of humans and the basis of human’s creation and all of human approaches have to be congruous with it. On the other hand, Medical ethics and Bioethics with the ground of ethics in medicine and human biology (and even animal and environmental)is one of the concepts which has considered the promotion of humans and physical and mental health of humans and therefore it has a close relationship with the concept of Human’s munificence. That it why he/she has considered this human feature and he/she recommend others to pay attention to this matter. On the other hand, since this concept is a human feature it has no limits, everyone has to consider it in a way that violating this concept would lead to the response of society and result the rejection of the person from society. This necessity is explained in international Documents; among them are the International Declaration of Human Rights and the Declaration of Human Genome and Human Rights. Therefore we face a new era in biomedical issues which reminds us of considering the basic rights and Human’s munificence by concentrating on bioethics and medicine, the concept of the Declaration of Human Genome and UNESCO Human Rights shows the fact in this area. The author of this essay who is a member of UNESCO Bioethics Committee, in this context, has considered these two concepts and the close relationship between them and has break down the concept of Human’s munificence and considered two parts for it. On this ground, the author distinguishes “individual munificence” from “Human munificence” and studies these two options in the Declaration of Human Genome and Human Rights and studies each one in this International Document.